There are several myths regarding job satisfaction. The case against job satisfaction. Journal of Business and Psychology, 1 4 , 337-352. Is There a Difference Between Happiness and Life Satisfaction? Hyderabad, India: New Age International, Ltd. Psychology of Aging, 23, 154-168. Therefore, fairness and clarity are crucial in improving employee attitude.
The items are work, supervision, co-workers, pay, promotion opportunities and the job in general Fields, 2002, p. Human Resources Management , 43 4 , 395-407. Definition of job satisfaction Due the popularity of job satisfaction within the field of occupational and organisational psychology , various researchers and practitioners have provided their own definitions of what job satisfaction is. A common theory within the research has been that, to an extent, the emotional state of an individual is affected by interactions with their work environment. Thus, it logically follows that to get an accurate measure of life satisfaction, it must be obtained subjectively; common techniques for measuring include, surveys, questionnaires, and interviews.
Causation through disposition indicates that job satisfaction can be determined by an individual's general overall outlook. Moreover, the automated thoughts and processes Beck, 1987 resulting from irrational and dysfunctional thinking perpetuate emotions of depression and unhappiness in individuals. For example, unhappy workers that call in sick and find ways to avoid working cost U. Managerial lives in transition: Advancing age and changing times. Job characteristics have been favored in research Thomas et al. It has been well documented that travellers use external sources of information to reduce the perceived risk associated with the purchase of a holiday. When a need is met it will no longer motivate the person, but the next need in the hierarchy will become important to that person.
Categorisations of Customer Satisfaction and Service Perception Parasuraman et al 1991 divide customer service expectations into two levels: desired and adequate. Most prominently, there is research evidence that self-esteem, self-efficacy, emotional stability and locus of control comprise a broad personality construct, which contribute to how an individual sees themselves. Application of Job Satisfaction in the Workplace The application of job satisfaction in the workplace is a difficult concept to grasp due to its individualistic and situational nature. Within an organization, financial compensation and healthcare are some of the benefits which help an employee meet their basic physiological needs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70, 469-480.
She is currently working as a researcher for the State of California and her professional interests include survey research, well-being in the workplace, and compassion. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4, 309-336. Employee satisfaction is essential to ensure higher revenues for the organization. Perhaps the best place to start in learning about life satisfaction is with Ed Diener and his colleagues. Struggling with frequent anxiety, sadness, guilt, shame, or anger can easily drag you down.
The theory specifies expressive performance as a necessary component of customer satisfaction. In 2006, researcher Michelle Jones analyzed three studies combining 74 separate investigations of job satisfaction and job performance in 12,000 workers. Abraham Maslow was a social psychologist who focused on the entirety of human psychological needs rather than on individual psychological problems. Hygiene factors are related to the work environment and include: company policies, supervision, salary, interpersonal relations and working conditions. These are the feelings and responses that we have to the things that happen to us; they are determined by both our personal and societal resources, our individual abilities, and the course of events.
The research shows that job satisfaction has very little to do with how we plan for our retirement. Organ 1988 believes that when the definition of job performance includes behaviors such as organizational citizenship the extent to which one's voluntary support contributes to the success of an organization the relationship between satisfaction and performance will improve. Once people have reached the self-actualization stage they focus on themselves and try to build their own image. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86 1 , 67-98. The control group did not receive any incentives.
The nature and causes of job satisfaction. According to Kerber and Campbell 1987 , measurements of job facet satisfaction helps identify specific aspects of a job that require improvement. The measure appears to be a good measure of life satisfaction and can be used with any English-speaking audience. Social Indicators Research, 24, 81-100. Job characteristics have been shown to impact job satisfaction Baker, 2004.
They may look at this in terms of feelings such as self-confidence, or by accomplishing a set goal. Life satisfaction, a Sloan Work and Family Encyclopedia entry. Set a goal to become a happier, more resilient person and work towards it. Furthermore, this can help reduce turnover, as employees will invariably be more satisfied when paid competitive wages as opposed to being underpaid. It is impossible to tell whether job satisfaction causes increased job performance or that job performance causes increased job satisfaction based on correlation alone. Process Theory Process theory describes the process of how behavior is energized, directed, sustained, and stopped. They prefer working on tasks of moderate difficulty in which outcomes are the result of their effort rather than of luck.