Nature nurture and human diversity. Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity Research Paper Example : analyststrategy.com 2019-01-12

Chapter 4, Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

This would not imply esoteric ‘telepathic understanding'. Two species, common chimpanzees and baboons, differ much less than by 1% of their genomes, yet they display markedly differing behaviours. We have also long used of farm crops and livestock to dramatically transform the innate nature of these living things, even without knowing anything about how this inherited essence is passed on. Then we'd expect the genetic differences between people in any region to be about ten times larger than the average differences between populations in different regions. Most human traits are influenced by genes.

Worth Publishers Psychology Chapter 4: Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Type of paper Academic level Subject area Number of pages Paper urgency Cost per page: Total:. We live together and cooperate to survive, we communicate with language, and so on. What is your personality like? Humans live in a world awash with social facts, the constitutive rules of which determine how we live our lives. Behavior is formed as an interaction between nature and nurture. Some kind of familiarity with each others rhythms may already start before birth.

Worth Publishers Psychology Chapter 4: Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Men holding hands in Saudi Arabia is the norm closer personal space , but not in American culture. Food pounding, for example, is customary among the Gombe chimpanzees, but never observed in the Mahale population just 200 km away which has a near-identical ecology to that of the Gombe Reserve. It seeks to identity specific genes influencing behaviour. Separated fraternal twins do not exhibit similarities comparable to those of separated identical twins. One assumption is that the effect of the genetic difference between fraternal twins is analogous to the effect of the different genetic difference between families. But then men are some four times more likely to commit suicide or exhibit alcohol use disorder.

PSYCHOLOGY: NATURE, NURTURE AND HUMAN DIVERSITY

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution is an organizing principle in biology. In fact, the more we understand about development and behavior, the more obvious it becomes that nature and nurture are similarly influences rather than determinants, not only singly but also in combination. These are the social constructions of human culture, things that we construct within our minds, which we imagine, and then share with others, and in so doing generate diversity which is at once fragile and causally hugely powerful. Memories are constantly changing as we rework and reinterpret our memories, in part because our goals and wishes reshape our memories as expectations of our past, and partly through the effects of unconscious generic knowledge structures, culturally determined, that form the anchoring points around which memory is structured. But it is also the product of a biological mechanism- adaption. Primates have local customs of tool use, grooming and courtship. Using twin and adoption studies, behaviour geneticists can mathematically estimate the heritability of a trait, the extent to which variation among individuals can be attributed to their differing genes.

Chapter 3 Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity, Myers 8e Psychology

Lorenz's assertion that the biological and social sciences can be, and must be, married within a single theoretical structure can only be realized within an expanded theory of evolution. The most frequently demonstrated kinds of learning, namely habituation and associative learning in the form of classical conditioning and instrumental learning, show many similarities in all of these phyla. Whether it be judged as a specific type of adaptation is questionable; what is not is that it lies within a continuum of selection processes that extends from evolution itself, through individual development and individual learning, and on to cultural change. Why is there so much diversity in sex and gender, race, diet, morality and norms, political views, religious beliefs, cognition, perceptions, and emotions? Adults often adopt unrelated children into their families. First, skim each section, noting headings and boldface items. We should never allow science to be distorted and to serve destructive forms of social reality. This distinction between brute facts and social facts is central to Searle's analysis.

Worth Publishers Psychology Chapter 4: Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity

Human language as a form of communication is a uniquely human trait, but it is what is being communicated that is as important as the means of communication, and what is being transmitted from human to human, the heart of human culture, is at once a product of learning and occurs by way of learning. Language, for example, is built upon specific auditory sensitivity, fine motor control and working memory among other cognitive traits, each likely an adaptation in their own right. Earning College Credit Did you know… We have over 160 college courses that prepare you to earn credit by exam that is accepted by over 1,500 colleges and universities. As mobile gene machines, we are designed to prefer whatever world out for our ancestors in there environments. We assume that duplication is the same as cloning and therefore the two Calvins are genetically similar.

Chapter 4: Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity Essay

Peers are influential in such areas as learning to cooperate with others, gaining popularity, and developing interactions. Two adopted children reared in the same home are no more likely to share personality traits with each other than with the child down the block. What, one is led to ask, is money but the collective agreement that it has value—but what is value? Individuals with disabilities are encouraged to direct suggestions, comments, or complaints concerning any accessibility issues with Rutgers web sites to: or complete the. It is not simply the sum of individual intentionalities making up a group and it is not reducible to them. For instance, the belief twins share more than just a special bond, but a type of telepathic connection, is commonly held. Brute facts are intrinsic to nature; social or institutional facts are wholly dependent upon human nature which, of course, is itself a brute fact, if a special one. No one questions the existence of dry sand in the Sahara desert.

Human nature, cultural diversity and evolutionary theory

Environmental factors such as diet, drugs, and stress can affect the epigenetic molecules that regulate gene expression. Because of our genetic legacy, we love the tastes of sweets and , which we tend to , even though famine is unlikely in industrialized societies. Thus, overtime, population characteristics may change. As teens, girls spend more time with friends and less time alone. All social constructions are also exaptations based upon other exaptations, including language, the attribution of intentional mental states and forms of social force. Family Studies Rationale: family members are more genetically similar to each other than strangers, if a trait has a genetic component to it then family members should be more similar n that trait than strangers are Within a family we have different degrees of genetics, therefore if a trait has a genetic component to it, then family members who are ore similar to each other genetically should be more like each other then family members who are less genetically similar to each other Regular siblings: 50% Parents and children: 50% Grandparents and grandchildren: 25% 1st cousins: 12. Ignoring the absurdity, it brings us to a question: Do genetically similar people behave the same way? Pre-natal and post-natal conditions also influence the personality and behavior of an individual.

Nature, Nurture, And Human Diversity Flashcards by ProProfs

Many people know what a unicorn is, even if no such creature has ever had corporeal substance outside of the neural networks of those who know what a unicorn is. Evolutionary psychologists remind us how we have adapted, but do not dictate how we ought to be. As ancestors of this prehistoric genetic legacy, are predisposed to behave in ways that promoted our ancestors surviving and reproducing. What also cannot be doubted is its capacity to add hugely to human diversity in the form of cultural differences. No, Studies have shown that identical twins whose parents treated them alike were not psychologically more alike than identical twins who were treated less similarly.

Human nature, cultural diversity and evolutionary theory

Neither genetic nor ecological differences explain such behavioural variations. Animal breeding experiments manipulate genetic expression and show its power. Deserts would exist had humans never evolved. Newest perspective in psychology, heavily influenced by Darwin's principals of the Theory of Evolution According to Darwin, the main goal is to survive and to transmit our genes into the future, although not every organism that is born will survive natural selection ; many organisms die out due to survival of the fittest Survival of the Fittest: when there is a match between characteristics of organism and demands of the environment Evolutionary psychologists took the theories of Darwin to explain human behaviour; they study behaviours that are universal and common to all human beings; they study adaptive behaviours adaptation is essential for survival Any behaviours, traits, or emotions that our ancestors had are what we see in humans today We are in the post-antibiotic era, bacteria are smart B2. A football team, with its shared desires for victory, and agreed tactics and common understanding of their opponents' weaknesses, has the properties of collective intentionality; as do the supporters of a football team. And our genetically influenced traits evoke significant responses in others. So, do their experiences rather than their genes account for their similarities? In the end, the message is clear: our genes and our experience together form who we are.